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Protein Modification

FACE™ ATF-2

in-cell Western analysis for phospho ATF-2 (T71)

 

ATF-2 is a member of the ATF/CREB family of leucine zipper DNA binding proteins that regulate transcription. This family of transcription factors play an important role in cell growth and differentiation, as well as in stress and immune responses. ATF-2 is a nuclear protein that binds to DNA as a dimer, and can form both homo- and heterodimers with members of the ATF/CREB and Jun/Fos families. The ATF-2/c-Jun heterodimer acts as a stronger activator than the ATF-2 homodimer. ATF-2 plays a role in c-Jun-dependent cell cycle progression, cell survival and apoptosis, making efficient study methods in high demand.

 

The FACE™ Method

In FACE, cells are cultured in 96-well plates and stimulated to induce the pathway of interest. Following stimulation, the cells are fixed rapidly, which preserves activation-specific protein modifications. Each well is then incubated with a primary antibody specific for the activated protein of interest. Subsequent incubation with secondary HRP-conjugated antibody and developing solution provides a colorimetric or chemiluminescent readout that is quantitative and reproducible (Figure 1). The number of cells in each well can be normalized easily with the provided Crystal Violet solution. FACE Kits also contain primary antibody specific for the native inactive protein, so you can monitor both native and activated protein levels in the same experiment. FACE eliminates cellular extractions, radioactive kinase assays, time-consuming Westerns and inefficient epitope interactions that occur on membranes. FACE is a highly sensitive high-throughput assay designed for detecting activated proteins within mammalian cells.

 
FACE flow chart
 
Figure 1: Flow chart of the FACE process.