The transcription factor NFκB (nuclear factor κB) is implicated in the regulation of many genes that code for mediators of the immune, acute phase and inflammatory responses. NFκB exists in an inactive form bound to the inhibitory IκB proteins in the cytoplasm. Treatment of cells with various inducers, such as lipopolysaccharide, TNF or IL-1, results in the degradation of the IκB proteins (See the FunctionELISA™ IκBα Kit). This releases NFκB dimers, which subsequently translocate to the nucleus where they activate appropriate target genes. Homo- and heterodimers of members of the Rel/NFκB family specifically recognize the 5´-GGGACTTTCC-3´ nucleotide sequence. The p50/p65 heterodimers and the p50 homodimers are the most common dimers found in the NFκB signaling pathway.


