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Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a powerful tool for studying protein/DNA interactions. In ChIP-Seq, ChIP is combined with Next-Gen sequencing platforms such as the Illumina GA II or HiSeq to enable the generation of whole-genome data sets. Active Motif Epigenetic Services offers several different types of ChIP-Seq, in which ChIP is performed on different types of targets to answer different questions.
- FactorPath™ – ChIP-Seq is performed on a transcription factor in order to discover, identify and quantitate transcription factor and cofactor binding sites across the genome
- TranscriptionPath™ – RNA Pol II ChIP-Seq utilizes RNA Pol II antibody for the discovery and identification of actively transcribed genes at the DNA level, enabling the detection of genome-wide changes in gene expression without the limitations encountered when using RNA
- HistonePath™ – ChIP-Seq is performed with an antibody directed against a modified histone protein to map the histone modification and/or enzymes that regulate the histone modification across the genome
- MethylPath™ – MeDIP-Seq is used to discover, identify and quantitate methylated DNA regions; also includes our new 5-hmC MeDIP-Seq and Bisulfite Sequencing services
The ChIP-Seq Service includes
The customer submits purified DNA, frozen tissues or cell pellets, then we:
- Prepare chromatin samples and sonicate.
- Perform ChIP with a ChIP-qualified antibody.
- Construct ChIP-Seq libraries.
- Perform Next-Gen sequencing using the Illumina GA II or HiSeq.
- Analyze the data and deliver it to the customer.
To learn more, please give us a call or send us an Epigenetic Services Information Request. You can also download Active Motif’s Epigenetic Services Profile.
| Name | Cat No. | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FactorPath™ ChIP-Seq | 25001 | Request Quote | |
| HistonePath™ ChIP-Seq | 25011 | Request Quote | |
| Sequencing of Input / Control DNA | 25046 | Request Quote | |
| Active Motif Epigenetic Services Profile |
| Epigenetic Services Cell Fixation Protocol |
| Epigenetic Services Sample Submission Form |
FactorPath™ ChIP-Seq Services
FactorPath ChIP-Seq can be used to map the binding of novel transcription factors, identify the consensus binding motifs of poorly characterized transcription factors and to map changes in the binding of transcription factors in response to drug treatments, in immune cells challenged with various pathogens, as well as in WT and KO models of important genes.
Figure 1: FactorPath™ ChIP-Seq maps MITF binding sites on chromosome 9.
ChIP-Seq was performed using chromatin from a human melanoma cell line (2.5 million cells) and a MITF (Microphthalmia-associated Transcription Factor) monoclonal antibody (Catalog No. 39789). ChIP DNA was sequenced on the Illumina GA II and 19 million sequence tags were mapped to identify MITF binding sites across the genome. The image shows hundreds of MITF binding sites across a 60 million bp region on chromosome 9.
HistonePath™ ChIP-Seq Services
HistonePath ChIP-Seq provides accurate, reproducible identification of histone modifications across the genome with high sensitivity and specificity. This enables you to identify tissue- or disease-specific histone modification patterns, novel histone modification biomarkers for disease onset and progression, and to correlate the modification state of histone proteins directly with expression profiles.
Figure 2: HistonePath™ ChIP-Seq reveals that H3K4me3 peaks are present at the start site of all Zfp genes.
ChIP-Seq was performed using chromatin from mouse livers and a Histone H3 trimethyl Lys4 polyclonal antibody (Catalog No. 39159). Sequencing was performed on the Illumina GA II using 36 bp single-end reads. Genome alignment was performed with ELAND and peak calling was performed with MACS. The image above focuses on a 3 Mb window containing a Zfp gene cluster on chromosome 13. H3K4me3 peaks are present at the start site of all Zfp genes. Gene annotations run from right to left, therefore the transcription start sites are on the right side of each gene annotation.
Generating data is only half the battle in ChIP-Seq. When the sequencing is complete, tens of millions of short sequence tags must be mapped back to the genome followed by peak calling. Peak calling is complicated by the fact that different algorithms are required for accurate peak calling depending on the antibody used. Thousands to tens of thousands of binding sites must then be exported into a meaningful output that relates the data to genes and allows for multiple samples to be compared to one another. Challenges continue with clustering, heat maps and graphical representations of genome-wide localization patterns. This type of in-depth bioinformatics analysis is beyond the capabilities of most labs. That is why data analysis is part of the standard package for all of our ChIP-Seq Service projects.
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Figure 3: Compilation of all genomic binding sites relative to gene transcription start sites (TSS).ChIP-Seq was performed with antibodies against the histone demethylase KDM1A and one of its targets, Histone H3 dimethyl Lys4 (H3K4me2). Thousands of binding sites were identified and the positions of all binding sites, as they relate to gene annotations, were compiled. Left. A heat map was created using all genes bound by H3K4me2 and KDM1A and the occupancy of these factors around the transcription start site (TSS) is depicted. Top. The same data depicted a different way shows KDM1A occupancy between the two peaks of H3K4me2 occupancy. |
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The following papers cite the use of and/or provide additional information about ChIP-Seq Services provided by Active Motif’s Epigenetic Services:
- “miR-155 Inhibition Sensitizes CD4+ Th Cells for TREG Mediated Suppression” by Stahl et al (2009) PLoS ONE 4(9):e7158.
- “Control of Treg and TH17 cell differentiation by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor” by Quintana et al (2008) Nature 453(7191):65-71.
- “Global Characterization of Transcriptional Impact of the SRC-3 Coregulator” by Lanz et al (2010) Molecular Endocrinology 24(4):859-872.
- “A ChIP-seq defined genome-wide map of vitamin D receptor binding: Associations with disease and evolution” by Ramagopalan et al (2010) Genome Research 20(10):1352-1360.
- “ChIP sequencing of cyclin D1 reveals a transcriptional role in chromosomal instability in mice” by Casimiro et al (2011) Journal of Clinical Investigation 122(3):833-843.
